Methyl is a group of structural carbon and hydrogen (CH3 -) derived from the structure of methane and covalently linked to another molecule, and forming part of a host of organic compounds.
1st ionization energy 9.843 ± 0.002 eV (gas) 2
Crude formula CH3 [Isomers]
Molar mass1 15.0345 ± 0.001 g / mol C 79.89%, H 20.11%,
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Etymology
French chemists Jean-Baptiste Dumas and Eugene Peligot, after having determined the chemical structure of methanol, introduced the “methylene” from the Greek methy “wine” and the hȳlē “wood, plot of trees” in order to highlight its origins, “wood-based alcohol (substance)”. The term “methyl” was derived around 1840 by the reverse formation of “methylene”, and was then applied to describe “methyl alcohol” (which since 1892 has been called “methanol”).
Methyl is the IUPAC nomenclature for the term organic chemistry for an alkane (or alkyl) molecule, using the prefix “meth-” to indicate the presence of a single carbon.
Extensions:
The methyl group is usually part of a larger molecule, it can be found alone in one of three forms: anion( Cation méthylique ), cation( Anion méthyle ) or radical( Radical méthyle ). The anion has eight valence electrons, the radical seven and the cation six. The three forms are very reactive and rarely observed.
Reactivity of the methyl group
The reactivity of a methyl group depends on the adjacent substituents. The methyl groups can be not very reactive. For example, in organic compounds, the methyl group resists attack by even the strongest acids.
– L’ oxydation d’un groupe méthyle
L’ oxydation d’un groupe méthyle est largement répandu dans la nature et de l’ industrie. Les produits d’oxydation provenant de méthyle sont CH 2 OH, CHO et CO 2 H. Par exemple, permanganate convertit souvent un groupe méthyle à un groupe carboxyle (-COOH), par exemple la conversion du toluène à l’ acide benzoïque .
– methylation
What is methylation?
Methylation is a vital metabolic process. It takes place permanently in all the cells of our organism at a frantic rate (up to a billion times per second). Biochemically, it is an extremely simple process that involves the transmission of a methyl group (a carbon atom linked to 3 hydrogen atoms, or CH3) from one molecule to another.
What is methylation for and why is it fundamental?
But this apparently simple process alone allows it to perform a multitude of functions in the human body, such as the production and regulation of very many molecules including neurotransmitters and hormones in the brain, detoxification of the body via production glutathione (which is none other than the most powerful antioxidant in the human body), the breakdown of histamine in the intestine, but also and above all, according to one of the great discoveries of recent years, it allows the modulation of the expression of certain genes in our DNA via epigenetic processes.
Methylation is therefore essential for the maintenance, repair and manufacture of our cells, intracellular communication, and more particularly, the inheritance of epigenetic information from a mother cell to daughter cells during cell division (which is the mode of cell reproduction).
Methylation defects are suspected to be the cause of a large number of very varied pathologies, ranging from autism to Alzheimer’s, including anxiety disorders, anxiety attacks, deficit disorders attention with or without hyperactivity, and many others. It is therefore essential to maintain a good level of methylation in the body.
This essential process depends on two main parameters: environmental factors, in particular food, as well as genetic factors.
– Deprotonation
Certain methyl groups can be deprotonated. For example, the acidity of the methyl groups in acetone ((CH 3) 2 CO) is about 10 20 more acidic than methane. The resulting carbanions are key intermediaries in many organic synthesis and biosynthesis reactions. Fatty acids are produced this way.
– Radical reactions
When placed in benzylic or allylic positions, the strength of the CH bond is decreased and the reactivity of the methyl group increases. One manifestation of this increased reactivity is the photochemical chlorination of the methyl group in toluene to give benzyl chloride.